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Abstract Introduction: Radiation safety remains a paramount concern within medical and non- medical settings because radiation injury is invisible, cumulative and largely irreversible, given the substantial health risks associated with radiation exposure to both healthcare personnel and patients. Compliance with established radiation safety protocols is critical for mitigating these risks effectively. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of adherence to radiation safety protocols and standards among radiographers and radiation personnel in Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect data via structured questionnaires administered to radiation workers across selected private diagnostic centers and healthcare facilities. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26, applying both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to summarize findings and evaluate potential associations. Results: The investigation revealed a significant deficiencies in both knowledge and compliance regarding radiation safety protocols among radiation workers. Contributing factors included inadequate training, resource constraints, and systemic barriers hindering the implementation of effective safety measures. These findings emphasize the urgent necessity for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing radiation safety practices. Conclusion: The study highlights the necessity for healthcare institutions to prioritize radiation safety through comprehensive and multifaceted strategies, including regular training initiatives, systematic audits, and bolstered institutional support. A robust safety culture, can significantly reduce radiation exposure risks to staff, patient ad members of the public alike, and promote optimal radiation safety practices. Implications for Practice: The insights derived from this study carry considerable implications for practice, emphasizing the necessity for healthcare organizations to prioritize radiation safety. The implementation of ongoing training programs, routine audits, and the allocation of sufficient resources can markedly improve radiation safety knowledge and practices among radiation workers. Keywords: Radiation safety, compliance, radiation workers, Osun State, Nigeria, healthcare institutions, training programs, audits, institutional support