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Introduction: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, offering shortened treatment durations, reduced costs. it has emerged as a practical alternative to conventional fractionation in both curative and palliative cancer care. This review synthesizes evidence from ten studies across diverse cancer types and geographic regions to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and global adoption of HFRT. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using ten original research articles published between 2015 and 2025. A structured analysis was conducted, including retrospective and prospective designs. This structured analysis covered breast, prostate, head and neck, esophageal, brain metastases, and pediatric malignancies. Using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Sci-Hub to get the articles. Data were extracted on treatment regimens, toxicity profiles, clinical outcomes, and implementation barriers, e.t.c. Results: HFRT demonstrated comparable local control and overall survival to conventional radiotherapy in curative settings, particularly in breast and esophageal cancers. In palliative contexts, it provided effective symptom relief with minimal toxicity. Most studies reported low rates of grade ≥3 toxicities, though concerns remain regarding long-term effects, especially in pediatric populations. Treatment durations were significantly reduced, improving patient convenience and departmental efficiency. However, concerns about long-term toxicity, particularly in pediatric populations, and variability in fractionation regimens remain. Conclusion: HFRT is a clinically effective and economically viable alternative to CFRT across diverse cancer types. While HFRT offers clinical and logistical advantages, its widespread adoption is hindered by limited prospective trials, inconsistent fractionation protocols, and access inequities. Future research should prioritize standardization, long-term outcome tracking, and inclusive trials to strengthen the evidence base and support global implementation.